"নাদ, জল্প, বিতণ্ডার ব্যাপ্তি ঢেকে দিয়েছে ঔপনিবেশিক ডিসকোর্স-চটক"

অসাধারণ বৌদ্ধিক বন্ধু Paul Gomezদাদা পাঠালেন নিচের বক্তব্যটা। সম্মানিত বোধ করছি দাদা। কলম অক্ষয় হোক!

Nyayasastra is mainly a Vadasastra. It is specially a science of methods of debate. The Nyayasutras of Gautama (c.100 A.D.)are devoted to the methods of argumentation, disputation and dialectics.

In the Nyayasutras Gautama uses the term 'katha' for debate.

He says 'katha' is of three types:- Vada, Jalpa and Vitanda.

VADA consists in the putting forward of statements by two parties, paksa(পক্ষ) and pratipaksa, in which there is the procedure of establishing and confuting by means of pramanas (proofs) and tarka (hypothetical reasoning),

neither of which is quite opposed to the main thesis (siddhanta) and both of which are conducted in accordance with the method of reasoning. Vada is basically meant for the discernment of truth or the real nature of the thing under investigation and imparting the truth to the other party. Hence, in Vada there is no consideration of victory or defeat.

JALPA possesses the above characteristics of Vada.

Moreover, it establishes or confutes the statement by means of Chala (quibble), Jati(futile rejoinder) and Nigrahasthanas (grounds of defeat). In Jalpa, the procedure is similar to that of Vada, but the aim is to establish one's own position by defeating the opponent.

VITANDA (wrangling) is a kind of disputation when there is no establishing of the counter-view. The Vaitandika (বৈতাণ্ডিক) does not care to establish his point, but keeps on criticising, condemning and refuting the proofs employed by the other party.