সঞ্জয় সুব্রহ্মণ Notes on the sixteenth century Bengal tradeএ লিখছেন বাংলা এবং ভারতেরে অন্যন্য এলাকায় পর্তুগিজেদের সরকারি ব্যবসা Estado da india বা বেসরকারি casado ব্যবসায়ীরা এশিয়/দেশিয় ব্যবসায়ীদের থেকে দখল নিয়েছিল, এই তথ্য সম্পূর্ণভাবে ভ্রান্ত একমাত্র সুশীল চৌধুরী এই তত্ত্বায়নের বিরুদ্ধে কলম তুলেছেন। অন্তত পলাশীর আগে পর্যন্ত বিদেশিয় বণিক সংঘ বা বিদেশিয় বণিক ভারত বা বাংলায় ছড়ি ঘোরাতে পারে নি।
যাদের উৎসাহ আছে তারা সঞ্জয়ের লেখাটি পড়ে নিতে পারেন-
J J Campos succinctly puts it, ’Towards the middle of the sixteenth century, a great part of the Bengal trade and shipping passed into the hands of the Portuguese.’ Similar statements can be found in any of the standard works on the area; a recent essay by George Winius goes a step further still, asserting that by the close of the sixteenth century, ’most of the trade of the entire bay [of Bengal] was in Portuguese hands’ The only cautious note in this general view of Portuguese domination is struck by Susil Chaudhuri, who notes that ’the Portuguese mastered the major portion of the overseas trade, albeit (sic) the limited activities of a few Malaya, Arab and Indian traders.’
If the Portuguese did really meet with such success in Bengal, despite the fact that their presence there was very largely one comprising private individuals, we may consider it remarkable. Studies by Genevi6ve Bouchon, Charles Boxer, Michael Pearson, and myself (among others) have in the past been at some pains to point out how maritime Asia in the sixteenth century was the preserve neither of the Estado da india, nor of casado traders.’ The Portuguese presence in its various layers was undoubtedly an important one, but it was not achieved by wholly excluding other traders, be t in Gujarat, Malabar, Coromandel or Indonesia. The desire to gain exclusive rights- which no doubt existed often enough in sixteenth century Lusitanian hearts and minds-was difficult to translate into achievement.
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